Peter anderson compares the tactics and resources of the two sides. During this time, the bolsheviks faced massive opposition to their rule in the form of the white armies, led by former officers of. The russian civil war reasons for the victory of the. That rather puts the american civil war in the shade, though there are endless television dramas made on that conflict. Response congressional research service humanitarian situation. By the end of the civil war against the whites and the various armies of. The russian civil war raged from 1918 until the start of 1921. The majority of this overview is based on the work by orlando figes. This civil war is often said to have started in 1918, but bitter fighting began in 1917. Although most of the war was over by 1920, it took until 1922 for the bolsheviks, who held the industrial heartland of russia from the start, to crush all opposition. Read online lev trotsky and the red army in the russian civil war. Mobilization during the russian civil war 19181920 the red army began life in 1918 as a small volunteer force of proletarians from the major urban citadels of bolshevik power in northern and central russia. Lev trotsky and the red army in the russian civil war.
Russian civil war causes, outcome, and effects britannica. The civil war occurred because after november 1917, many groups had formed that opposed lenins bolsheviks. As of 2020, roughly half of syrias prewar population remains internally displaced 6. The single largehex map stretches from warsaw in the west to omsk in the east and from murmansk in the north to tashkent in the south. The russian civil war is the most important civil war of the 20th century, changing the lives of over half a billion people and dramatically shaping the geography of europe, the far east and asia. The myth of western anticommunism matthew raphael johnson johnstown, pa the white armies in the russian civil war received not a cent from the west. War, geopolitics and the prolonged crisis beginning in 1914 shaped the emerging bolshevik partystate, which differed radically from the utopian views of the commune state that lenin had. It aimed to abolish private trade, control labour, nationalize all largescale industry, and at its height in 1920 to replace the money system with a universal system of state rationing. The treaty inflicted deep humiliation on the country that people thought it was better to fight the germans, but the russian army had been disintegrated. Soviet russia and the central powers, october 1917november 1918 the allies in russia, october 1917november 1918 the volga campaign, maynovember 1918 sovdepia. A civil war is fought between two sides or factions in the same country. The russian civil war was a civil war fought from november 1917 until october 1922 between several groups in russia. It meant he also complete control over most other war material produced for use in world war one.
Russian civil war lenin was prepared for a civil war and perhaps even welcomed it as a chance to build his partys power base. Russian civil war maps geography and map reading room. These phony historians pick out certain facts and ignore others to give you an inaccurate view of what really happened. November 11 world war i ends with the signing of the armistice. Kurd areas during the civil war and negotiate for an autonomous kurd region within syria after the war. Lev trotsky and the red army in the russian civil war, 19171921 john m. The russian civil war was to tear russia apart for three years between 1918 and 1921. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. The russian civil war was a confusing chaotic affair with numerous factions and personalities but lincoln does a commendable job sorting out the details in a comprehensible manner. The communists took extreme measures to ensure successforcing peasants to produce food for the army and to work in factories, executing suspects and sending others to labor camps. The russian civil war 19171923 was a multiparty war that occurred within the former russian empire after the russian provisional government collapsed and the soviets under the domination of the bolshevik party assumed power, first in petrograd st. Russian civil war 19181922 first edition board game. Lenins forces overthrow the government in the november revolution.
The treaty of bl provided the context for the civil war. This policy was adopted by the bolsheviks with the goal of keeping towns and the red army stocked with weapons and with food. The allies sent troops to support the counter revolution. Cause of russian civil war and communisim learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. November 1918 as germans remove troops from russian soil, bolsheviks quickly enter and take their places over the lands. Russian civil war, 19181921 every so often, politics in a country become so divided that factions can only solve their issues through fighting one another. Winston churchill and allied intervention in the russian civil war. Russian civil war by alexandre sumpf the russian civil war was not simply a conflict between red communists and white monarchists. In short, the bolsheviks were able to win the russian civil war because the whites failed to secure the support of the different national groups, key foreign powers, and the peasantry, while bolsheviks enjoyed much more authority within russia and were therefore able to assert their power over the whites. Other forces fought against both these groups or sometimes helped one against the other.
The economic and political system that existed in soviet russia during the russian civil war, from 1918 to 1921. A war between counter revolutionaries and communists broke out and lasted three years. Russian civil war simple english wikipedia, the free. Bolshevik reforms during civil war 1 decree of peace led to the end of the war with germany and the treaty of brestlitovsk. The russian civil war 191822 by david bullock, the white guard by mikhail bulgakov, red cavalry by isaac babel, ten. Russia s october revolution of 1917 produced a civil war between the bolshevik government and a number of rebel armies. Boris kustodievs 1920 painting bolshevik reds versus whites. Russian civil war 19181922 second edition part of spis power politics series, the historical simulation of the military and political conflict of 19181921 which abolished the czarist regime and created the foundation of the soviet union. The origins of the russian civil war can be found in the desacralisation of the tsarist autocracy that took place in the years before the first world war. Stephen lee, european dictatorships, 1987 bunce, et al, communist states, 2015.
In russia the war was fought between two armies the white and the red. Naval actions of the russian civil war part 1 by simon stokes introduction the military intervention in russia by the allies at the end of the great war was as complex and confusing an affair for the participants at the time as it is today for those who attempt to make sense of it. Some misguided historians believe the us intervention in the russian civil war was an imperialistic adventure. When quotes are used, they correspond to the relevant colour. The allied powers intervened in the civil war on the side of. Triumph and liquidation an essay and guide to a series of ten pictorial wall maps produced to illustrate the military successes of the red army in the russian civil war of 1917 to 1922 compiled by michael klein. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. Soviet historyrussian civil war wikibooks, open books. In 1914 russia was one of the most backwards countries in europe. For example, the american civil was fought between americans in the northern and southern states. War communism was the first version of the soviet planned economy. The main fighting was between the red army and the white army.
December 18 th france enters the russian civil war by sending troops to the city of odessa in alliance with the whites. These groups included monarchists, militarists, and, for a short time, foreign nations. This chapter argues that trotskys organisational abilities won the civil war for the bolsheviks, but that aspects of the organisational principles he used were thoroughly unbolshevik and foreshadowed the disputes of the 1920s which would ultimately see him removed from the bolshevik hierarchy. Russian civil war, 191820, conflict in which the red army successfully defended the newly formed bolshevik government led by vladimir i. Each player controls one or more factions drawn from the revolutionary, counter. Lenin against various russian and interventionist antibolshevik armies. Their longterm goal is the formation of an independent kurdistan. Over a fouryear period 20 countries battled in a crucible that would give birth to. The russian civil war by mawdsley, evan, 1945publication date.
British lion meets russian baboon julie hecomovich when winston churchill became secretaiy of state for war and air on january 14, 1919, the first world war had just drawn to a close. The russian civil war essay examples 998 words cram. As he implies in his text, there are few geunuine heroes in this conflict as each side practiced attrocities as brutal as any in modern day civil wars. Download lev trotsky and the red army in the russian civil war. The russian civil war is an event which generally gets lumped together with the the great war. The system had to be used because the ongoing war disrupted normal economic mechanisms and relations.
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